With the prior knowledge in mind, I come up with a simple idea. It’s common to see multiple Exchange Servers in corporate networks for high availability and site resilience. Can we relay the NTLM authentication among Exchange Servers?
ProxyShell: The exploit chain we demonstrated at Pwn2Own 2021 to take over Exchange and earn $200,000 bounty
ProxyOracle! The attack on Exchange Server to recover any user's password in plaintext format
ProxyLogon! The most severe and impactful vulnerability in the Exchange Server history ever.
This post is about my research this March, which talks about how I found vulnerabilities on a leading Mobile Device Management product and bypassed several limitations to achieve unauthenticated RCE. All the vulnerabilities have been reported to the vendor and got fixed in June. After that, we kept monitoring large corporations to track the overall fixing progress and then found that Facebook didn't keep up with the patch for more than 2 weeks, so we dropped a shell on Facebook and reported to their Bug Bounty program!
7 vulnerabilities in Pulse Secure SSL VPN: CVE-2019-11510, CVE-2019-11542, CVE-2019-11539, CVE-2019-11538, CVE-2019-11508, CVE-2019-11540, CVE-2019-11507
Last month, we talked about Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect RCE as an appetizer. Today, here comes the main dish!
We would like to talk about the vulnerability which we accidentally discovered during our Red Team assessment services on Palo Alto SSL VPN.
Is it possible to install IDA Pro without kowning installation password? Linux or MacOS version can find the password directly; Windows version only need 10 minutes to calculate the password. The following is the detailed process.
After Jenkins released the [Security Advisory](https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2018-12-05/#SECURITY-595) and fixed the dynamic routing vulnerability on 2018-12-05, I started to organize my notes in order to write this Hacking Jenkins series. While reviewing notes, I found another exploitation way on a gadget that I failed to exploit before! Therefore, the part two is the story for that! This is also one of my favorite exploits and is really worth reading :)
This article is mainly about a brief security review on Jenkins in the last year. During this review, we found 5 vulnerabilities including: CVE-2018-1999002(Arbitrary file read vulnerability), CVE-2018-1000600(CSRF and missing permission checks in GitHub Plugin), CVE-2018-1999046(Unauthorized users could access agent logs), CVE-2018-1000861(Code execution through crafted URLs), CVE-2019-pending(Sandbox Bypass in Script Security and Pipeline Plugins)
We reported an overflow vulnerability in the base64 decode function of Exim on 5 February, 2018, identified as CVE-2018-6789. This bug exists since the first commit of exim, hence ALL versions are affected. According to our research, it can be leveraged to gain Pre-auth Remote Code Execution and at least 400k servers are at risk. Patched version 4.90.1 is already released and we suggest to upgrade exim immediately.
In order to leverage the vulnerabilities, we put part of efforts into review of Sandstorm's source codes, and tried to escape the sandbox to impact the whole server...
On 23 November, 2017, we reported two vulnerabilities to Exim. These bugs exist in the SMTP daemon and attackers do not need to be authenticated, including CVE-2017-16943 for a use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability, which leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE); and CVE-2017-16944 for a Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability.
According to a public data reconnaissance, there are currently 1,217 FTA servers online around the world, most of which are located in the US, followed by Canada, Australia, UK, and Singapore. Determine from the domain name and SSL Certificate of these servers, FTA is widely used by governmental bodies, educational institutions, enterprises, including several well-known brands.
